49 Preface الَّذينَ يَخشَونَ رَبَّهُم بِالغَيبِ وَهُم مِنَ السّاعَةِ مُشفِقونَYusuf AliThose who fear their Lord in their most secret thoughts, and who hold the Hour (of Judgment) in awe.1Note the three kinds of fear mentioned in 21:48-49. Taqwā is the fear of running counter to the will of God; it is akin to the love of Him; for we fear to offend those we love; it results in right conduct, and those who entertain it are “those who would do right”. Then there is Khashyah, the fear of God, lest the person who entertains it may be found, in his inmost thoughts, to be short of the standard which God wished for him; this is also righteous but in a less high degree than Taqwā which is akin to love. And thirdly, there is the fear of consequences on the Day of Judgment (ishfaq); this also may lead to righteousness, but is on a still lower plane. Perhaps the three correspond to the Criterion, the Light, and the Message (or Warning) of the last verse.